DISCOVERIES REPORTS (ISSN 2393249X), 2020, volume 3

CITATION: 

Omote V, Ukwamedua HA, Oshilonya HU, Bini N, Ugwuoke HC, Usiobeigbe SO, Omoviye EO, Nkama IV, Ogbodo EC. Frequency and Distribution of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF in Delta State, South-South Nigeria. Discoveries Reports 2020; 3: e11. DOI: 10.15190/drep.2020.5

 Submitted: August 16, 2020; Revised: September 14, 2020; Accepted: September 29, 2020; Published: October 05, 2020;

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Frequency and Distribution of Rifampicin Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Clinical Isolates Using Gene Xpert MTB/RIF in Delta State, South-South Nigeria

Victor Omote (1,*), Henry Awele Ukwamedua (2), Henry Uzor Oshilonya (3), Nathaniel Bini (1), Hilary Chidi Ugwuoke (2), Stanley Osahon Usiobeigbe (4), Emmanuel Onome Omoviye (5), Isioma Venite Nkama (1), Emmanuel Chukwuemeka Ogbodo (6)

(1) Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria

(2) Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria

(3) Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Agbor, Nigeria

(4) Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Babcock University, Nigeria

(5) Department of Diagnostics and Clinical Applications Support, ISN Medical, Nigeria

(6) Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

*Correspondence to: Dr. Victor Omote, Department of Laboratory Services, Central Hospital Warri, Nigeria; Phone: +2347067626005; Email: boyoo4pre@gmail.com

Abstract

Introduction: The emergence and spread of multi-drug resistant-tuberculosis is a threat, which has complicated the diagnosis, management and control of tuberculosis. In addition to the simultaneous detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli and rifampicin resistance, the Gene Xpert assay can also highlight the point of mutation if it occurs around the rifampicin resistance determination region (RRDR) of the rpoB gene, which is responsible for 95% of rifampicin resistance. This study seeks to estimate the prevalence of rifampicin resistance, determine the frequency and distribution of mutations along the rifampicin resistance determination region, and assay for the relationship that exists between these mutations and basic epidemiological variables.

Methods: Data of patients with presumptive tuberculosis screened for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis using Gene Xpert assay from January through December 2019 at Central Hospital Warri was considered, checked for correctness and analyzed using SPSS 22 statistical software.

Results: Of 1411 people that were screened, 252 (17.9%) had tuberculosis, with 16 out of the 252 had drug-resistant tuberculosis (6.4%). The active workforce age group of 16-50 years accounted for 75% of drug-resistant tuberculosis, while woman and men were equally distributed. Mutations at the region covered by probe E (codon 529-533, RRDR of the rpoB gene) had the highest frequency (37.5%) of mutations between the regions covered by the tested probes, while rifampicin resistances that were not associated with the considered probe regions had a frequency of 31.25%. There were varying frequencies and distributions of probe region- associated mutations among the study variables. However, all lacked statistical significance. 

Conclusion: We reported a relatively high prevalence for drug-resistant tuberculosis (6.4%) and non-probe region-associated mutations for drug-resistant tuberculosis (31.25%). Epidemiological variables (age, sex, retroviral status and nature of the specimen) had no statistical association with the pattern of probe region-associated mutation. Subsequently, studies with similar objectives with ours but with larger sample size and confirmatory methods (gene sequencing and drug susceptibility testing) are highly recommended. 

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